1. 配置Linux环境

1.1 系统要求

系统环境要求：建议Ubuntu20.04版本及以上（若使用18.04版本，需将python3.6升级为python3.8）

系统镜像建议下载地址: 阿里云开源镜像站

配置步骤可参考OpenHarmony官方文档

1.2 更新Ubuntu源

• 打开sources.list文件

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

• 将与系统对应版本源复制并覆盖至上述打开的文件中，保存关闭，执行如下命令。（建议使用阿里源）

sudo apt update

1.3 安装依赖工具库

• 安装ccache（用于加速编译）

sudo apt install ccache

• 安装git工具并配置用户名和邮箱

sudo apt install git git-lfs
git config --global user.email "xxx"
git config --global user.name "xxx"

• 设置python软链接为python3.8

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.8 1

• 安装并升级Python包管理工具(pip3)

sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools python3-pip -y
sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

1.4 安装Repo工具

如果已经安装并拉取过OpenHarmony代码，请忽略该步骤。

如果是通过apt install安装的repo，请卸载后按照下述步骤重新安装:

sudo apt install curl -y
curl -s https://gitee.com/oschina/repo/raw/fork_flow/repo-py3 > repo
chmod a+x repo
sudo mv repo /usr/local/bin/

2. 源码获取

• 下载OpenHarmony代码

mkdir arkui_lite && cd arkui_lite
repo init -u https://gitee.com/cooperation-team-L0UI/manifest.git -b OpenHarmony-3.2-Release --no-repo-verify
repo sync -c
repo forall -c 'git lfs pull'

• 执行prebuilts

bash build/prebuilts_download.sh --skip-ssl

• 安装hb工具

python3 -m pip uninstall ohos-build
# 在源码目录下安装hb
python3 -m pip install --user build/hb

3. 创建虚拟设备

3.1 创建虚拟设备

参考官方文档zh-cn/device-dev/porting/porting-minichip-prepare.md · OpenHarmony/docs - Gitee.com和virt_mini_system_demo配置，添加虚拟设备arkui_lite，创建新的vendor和新的device配置。

cp -rf arkui_lite_demo vendor/ohemu/arkui_lite
cp -rf arkui_lite_demo_virt device/qemu/arkui_lite

3.2 vendor仓配置

3.2.1 子系统裁剪

修改board为arkui_lite，kernel_type为liteos_m，根据实际情况裁剪子系统，以及其他配置。

参考vendor/ohemu/arkui_lite/config.json，该文件包含了所有必须的子系统配置。

更改product_name、device_company等。

{
    "product_name": "arkui_lite",
    "ohos_version": "OpenHarmony 1.0",
    "type":"mini",
    "version": "3.0",
    "device_company": "qemu",
    "board": "arkui_lite",
    "kernel_type": "liteos_m",
    "kernel_version": "3.0.0",
    "subsystems": [
      {
        "subsystem": "hiviewdfx",
        "components": [
          {
            "component": "hilog_lite",
            "optional": "true"
          },
          {
            "component": "hievent_lite",
            "optional": "true"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "subsystem": "graphic",
        "components": [
          {
            "component": "graphic_utils_lite",
            "features": [
              "enable_ohos_graphic_utils_product_config = true"
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "subsystem": "arkui",
        "components": [
          {
            "component": "ace_engine_lite",
            "features": [
              "enable_ohos_ace_engine_lite_product_config = true"
            ]
          },
          {
            "component": "ui_lite"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "subsystem": "ability",
        "components": [
          {
            "component": "ability_lite",
            "features": [
              "enable_ohos_appexecfwk_feature_ability = true",
              "config_ohos_aafwk_ams_task_size = 4096",
              "config_ohos_aafwk_aafwk_lite_task_stack_size = 32768"
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "subsystem": "bundlemanager",
        "components": [
          {
            "component": "bundle_framework_lite"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "subsystem": "systemabilitymgr",
        "components": [
          {
            "component": "samgr_lite",
            "features": [
              "config_ohos_systemabilitymgr_samgr_lite_shared_task_size = 4096"
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "third_party_dir": "//third_party",
    "product_adapter_dir": "//vendor/ohemu/arkui_lite/hals"
  }

3.2.2 hal层的适配接口

根据原生设备，进行hal层适配，已经子系统相关宏的配置，如graphic_config、ace_lite_config等.

3.3 device配置

3.3.1 配置交叉编译工具链

OpenHarmony编译系统支持三种编译工具链：gcc，clang，iccarm，并且当前不支持window系统下编译。

以arm-none-eabi-gcc为例，参考如下：

• 下载交叉编译工具链：

mkdir -p ~/arkui_lite_tools && cd ~/arkui_lite_tools
wget https://repo.huaweicloud.com/openharmony/compiler/gcc-arm-none-eabi/10.3/linux/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10-x86_64-linux.tar.bz2
sudo tar axvf gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10-x86_64-linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt/

• 将交叉编译工具添加至环境变量：

gedit ~/.bashrc
export PATH=/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10/bin:$PATH
source ~/.bashrc

• 配置工具链

修改device\qemu\arkui_lite\liteos_m\config.gni，该文件包含了板级编译配置，根据原生编译系统的编译设置来修改。

请确保OpenHarmony的编译选项和原生系统保持一致，否则可能出现链接问题。

# Copyright (c) 2020-2021 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# Kernel type, e.g. "linux", "liteos_a", "liteos_m".
kernel_type = "liteos_m"

# Kernel version.
kernel_version = "3.0.0"

# Board CPU type, e.g. "cortex-a7", "riscv32".
board_cpu = "cortex-m4"

# Board arch, e.g.  "armv7-a", "rv32imac".
board_arch = ""

# Toolchain name used for system compiling.
# E.g. gcc-arm-none-eabi, arm-linux-harmonyeabi-gcc, ohos-clang,  riscv32-unknown-elf.
# Note: The default toolchain is "ohos-clang". It's not mandatory if you use the default toolchain.
board_toolchain = "arm-none-eabi-gcc"

use_board_toolchain = true

# The toolchain path installed, it's not mandatory if you have added toolchain path to your ~/.bashrc.
board_toolchain_path = ""

# Compiler prefix.
board_toolchain_prefix = "arm-none-eabi-"

# Compiler type, "gcc" or "clang".
board_toolchain_type = "gcc"

#Debug compiler optimization level options
board_opt_flags = []

# Board related common compile flags.
board_cflags = [
  "-mthumb",
  "-Wall",
  "-fdata-sections",
  "-ffunction-sections",
  "-fno-builtin",
  "-fno-strict-aliasing",
  "-fsigned-char",
  "-std=c99",
  "-O2",
  "-DUSE_HAL_DRIVER",
  "-D__LITEOS_M__",
]
board_cflags += board_opt_flags

board_asmflags = [
  "-mcpu=cortex-m4",
  "-mthumb",
  "-static",
  "-O2",
]
board_asmflags += board_opt_flags

board_cxx_flags = board_cflags

board_ld_flags = []

# Newlib adapt.
board_ld_flags += [
  "-Wl,--wrap=_free_r",
  "-Wl,--wrap,_malloc_usable_size_r",
  "-Wl,--wrap,_malloc_r",
  "-Wl,--wrap,_memalign_r",
  "-Wl,--wrap,_realloc_r",
  "-Wl,--wrap,_calloc_r",
]

# Board related headfiles search path.
board_include_dirs = [ "//commonlibrary/utils_lite/include" ]

# Board adapter dir for OHOS components.
board_adapter_dir = "//device/qemu/arkui_lite_demo_virt/driver"

# Sysroot path.
board_configed_sysroot = ""

# Board storage type, it used for file system generation.
storage_type = "spinor"

3.3.2 板级驱动适配

参考适配相关驱动、文件系统、链接文件

3.4 编译生成

• 进入源码根目录，执行

  hb set
  

  命令并选择ohemu下项目

  arkui_lite
  

• 执行

  hb build -f
  

  构建成功会提示类似如下信息:

  [OHOS INFO] subsystem           files NO.       percentage      builds NO.      percentage      overlap rate
  [OHOS INFO] aafwk                     13        1.7%          13        1.7%    1.00
  [OHOS INFO] ability                   13        1.7%          13        1.7%    1.00
  [OHOS INFO] arkui                    106        14.1%        106        14.1%   1.00
  [OHOS INFO] bundlemanager             19        2.5%          19        2.5%    1.00
  [OHOS INFO] commonlibrary              8        1.1%           8        1.1%    1.00
  [OHOS INFO] distributeddatamgr         2        0.3%           2        0.3%    1.00
  [OHOS INFO] global                    17        2.3%          17        2.3%    1.00
  [OHOS INFO] graphic                  133        17.7%        133        17.7%   1.00
  [OHOS INFO] hiviewdfx                 12        1.6%          12        1.6%    1.00
  [OHOS INFO] startup                    6        0.8%           6        0.8%    1.00
  [OHOS INFO] systemabilitymgr          15        2.0%          15        2.0%    1.00
  [OHOS INFO] third_party              417        55.6%        417        55.6%   1.00
  [OHOS INFO] thirdparty               417        55.6%        417        55.6%   1.00
  [OHOS INFO] 
  [OHOS INFO] c overall build overlap rate: 1.00
  [OHOS INFO] 
  [OHOS INFO] 
  [OHOS INFO] L0_xts_demo build success
  [OHOS INFO] cost time: 0:00:13
  

• 查看生成的静态库

  ls -l out/arkui_lite/arkui_lite/libs/